Archive for the 'Philosophy' category

Atlas Shrugged…

July 23, 2010 11:30 am

Atlas and Patrick

I have not read a page of Ayn Rand and I could hardly present what her philosophy of Objectivism is or means, other than to say that she believed that reality existed and it did not depend on our minds to do so.

Regardless, the title of her book Atlas Shrugged was the first thing that popped into my mind when I saw this image in a recent article on the Architecture of Saint Patrick’s cathedral in New York City.

Curiously, in the same public square, directly across Fifth Avenue and in his own confined enclosure, crouches one of the most aggressively pagan responses to the Christian faith ever promulgated by the arts. In direct alignment with the cathedral’s great western doors, long center aisle, and high altar of sacrifice, the long-shelved Titan Atlas struggles in obsolescent effort to carry creation. We thank Atlas, for his constant vigil lends unintended richness to the Christian tradition of penitential veneration.

~James McCrery; First Things, A Proper Place

Is the story of Atlas a response to the Christian faith or just another precursor that is reasonably aligned with it?

We know that the whole creation has been groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time.

~Romans, 8:22

The story of Atlas may have appeared as early as the 6th century BC, placing it well before the birth of Christ and Christianity.

I was recently amazed to learn of the nature of Augustine’s conversion being built upon the pre-Christian writings of Plato. When he read the theology presented in the gospels he saw immediate congruence with the wisdom of Plato, it made sense… it was rational. He was not trying to bend his mind into another dimension, he could just be honest about what he knew to be true already…

As a preliminary way of showing me how ‘the proud you rebuff, while favoring the lowly,’ and how great is the pity you show to humans on the lowly Path of your ‘Word made flesh in order to live with men,’ you brought to me a man, himself inflated with raging winds of pride, to acquaint me with certain books of the Platonists, translated into Latin from the Greek. What I found in reading them no precisely in these words, but saying the same thing in varied and very convincing ways, was this:’At the origin was the Word, and the Word was in God’s presence, and the Word was God. This was at the origin with God, and all things were made through it, and nothing was made without it. In it, life was made, and the life was men’s light, and the light shone in the darkness, and darkness could not control it.’ Further, that the human soul, however it may bear testimony to the light, is not itself the light. God’s word is ‘the true light that gives light to every man who arrives in this world’ Further, that ‘He was in this world, and the world was made by Him, and the world did not recognize Him.’

but this I did not read there: ‘He came among His own, and His own did not accept Him, but to all who accepted Him, who believed in this title, He gave the right to become God’s sons.’

~St. Augustine, The Confessions

  • Confessions (Penguin Classics)
    Confessions (Penguin Classics)
    Author: Augustine

It sounds familiar and it should, it’s basically John 1…

1In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2He was with God in the beginning.

3Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. 4In him was life, and that life was the light of men. 5The light shines in the darkness, but the darkness has not understood it.

~John 1:1-5

Anyone who is conscious knows that there is a struggle going on in this world; externally and internally, its nothing new but it bears down fresh on every generation of humanity… “the weight of the world.” This is something every human can attest to, even with a pagan polytheistic cultural environment. But there is more, and this is what Augustine admits to as well…

but this I did not read there: ‘He came among His own, and His own did not accept Him, but to all who accepted Him, who believed in this title, He gave the right to become God’s sons.’

~St. Augustine

The scriptures brought him Christ. And in some way this photographic perspective of looking through the hollow atlas at the Church with a small yet centered cross is our continual testimony, mission, and commission. It is what the Church can do that mere philosophical or scientific speculation can not…

28″Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. 29Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. 30For my yoke is easy and my burden is light.”

~Matthew 11:28-30

Go ahead and try to hold up the world, try to fix everything in your own power… and when the banks fail, the ecology gets plundered, the noise is unbearable, and the loneliness is palpable even with 500 million friends… when you are truly weary and burdened… perhaps then you can shrug, drop the world, kneel even, and crawl across the street and into Communion…

18I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us. 19The creation waits in eager expectation for the sons of God to be revealed. 20For the creation was subjected to frustration, not by its own choice, but by the will of the one who subjected it, in hope 21that[i] the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay and brought into the glorious freedom of the children of God.

22We know that the whole creation has been groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time. 23Not only so, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for our adoption as sons, the redemption of our bodies. 24For in this hope we were saved. But hope that is seen is no hope at all. Who hopes for what he already has? 25But if we hope for what we do not yet have, we wait for it patiently.

26In the same way, the Spirit helps us in our weakness. We do not know what we ought to pray for, but the Spirit himself intercedes for us with groans that words cannot express. 27And he who searches our hearts knows the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes for the saints in accordance with God’s will.

~Romans 8:18-27

Bill and Ted’s Excellent Example…

May 11, 2010 11:54 am

Bill: So-crates - “The only true wisdom consists in knowing that you know nothing”.
Ted: That’s us, dude.

~ Bill & Ted, on Socratic Ignorance

  • Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure
    Bill & Ted’s Excellent Adventure
    Director: Stephen Herek

I am wiser than this man; it is likely that neither of us knows anything worthwhile, but he thinks he knows something when he does not, whereas when I do not know, neither do I think I know; so I am likely to be wiser than he to this small extent, that I do not think I know what I do not know.

~ Plato, on Socratic Ignorance, Apology 21 d

I experienced something like this: in my investigation in the service of the god I found that those who had the highest reputation were nearly the most deficient, while those who were thought to be inferior were more knowledgeable.

~ Plato, Apology 22 a

  • Plato Complete Works
    Plato Complete Works
    Author: D. S. Hutchinson

I sat down for a much belated yet most bodacious viewing of “Bill and Ted’s Excellent Adventure” this weekend. I have to admit, that when it comes to history… I am still pretty much about as ignorant as the portrayal of these dudes from the 1988 cult classic… and what’s more, their fictional characters are wiser than I in that they meet the fundamental requirement for the beginning of wisdom, they know they don’t know anything.

3For by the grace given me I say to every one of you: Do not think of yourself more highly than you ought, but rather think of yourself with sober judgment, in accordance with the measure of faith God has given you.

~Romans 12:3; Paul

Reading through the Socratic dialogues is an exercise in humility, and the irony is… it’s very hard to escape the pretension of knowing that you are enjoying some of the best philosophical discussions of all time.

Pretty much every page reveals a new layer of my modern inclination for self preserving sophistry.

I see why Paul enjoyed taking the Good News to these ancient minds… what an excellent conversation.

Party on, dudes!

Seeing is Believing After All…

April 21, 2010 11:59 am

In what belongs to the deeper meanings of nature and her mediation between us and God, the appearances of nature are the truths of nature, far deeper than any scientific discoveries in and concerning them. The show of things is that for which God cares most, for their show is the face of far deeper things than they… It is through their show, not through their analysis, that we enter into their deepest truths. What they say to the childlike soul is the truest thing to be gathered of them. To know a primrose is a higher thing than to know all the botany of it–just as to know Christ is an infinitely higher thing than to know all theology, all that is said about his person, or babbled about His work. The body of man does not exist for the sake of its hidden secrets; its hidden secrets exist for the sake of its outside–for the face and the form in which dwells revelation: its outside is the deepest of it. So nature as well exists primarily for her face, her look, her appeals to the heart and the imagination, her simple service to human need, and not for the secrets to be discovered in her and turned to man’s further use.

~George MacDonald, Nature #150

  • George MacDonald
    George MacDonald
    Author: C. S. Lewis

Much of my theological investigations right now seem to be arriving at an undoing of everything that is commonly known as gnosticism. What gnosticism is and why it is so dangerous is surprisingly difficult to pin down.

A recent lecture I took in suggested that gnosticism at its core was merely an assertion of having “special knowledge”, and the danger is then in having a special feeling of superiority in having this “special knowledge”… this could be called intellectual pride. This can be a difficult thing to grapple with if you are not seven years old and you think critically about anything.

To be sure, Jesus dropped a lot of deep theology in his parables, sermons, example, and life. But I am starting to appreciate the amazing quality of “face value” in all that He did and said.

The Greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven

1At that time the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?”

2He called a little child and had him stand among them. 3And he said: “I tell you the truth, unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. 4Therefore, whoever humbles himself like this child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.

5″And whoever welcomes a little child like this in my name welcomes me. 6But if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him to have a large millstone hung around his neck and to be drowned in the depths of the sea.

7″Woe to the world because of the things that cause people to sin! Such things must come, but woe to the man through whom they come! 8If your hand or your foot causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life maimed or crippled than to have two hands or two feet and be thrown into eternal fire. 9And if your eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fire of hell.

~Matthew 18:1-7

Theological inquiry has sent me spiraling down endless rabbit holes of intellectual pursuit that are very difficult to navigate peacefully, Christians have generated a lot of ideas to wade through in the past two thousand years.

I have also been discovering to what extent our current approach of organizing all this theological inquiry is a modern Greek endeavor. Plato may have been the first systematic theologian by which all subsequent Christian theologians seeking a systematic unification of truth are students of. That is not necessarily a bad thing… it’s just very likely to be the reality of our current theological efforts for good or for ill.

Philosophy serves a very important purpose in the life of a modern human in much the same way as science does. To imagine living our lives without philosophical inquiry and classification would be like trying to pretend that we don’t know how toasters work… well there are some really fancy toasters out there that do boggle one’s mind. But anyway, its foolishness to pretend we can go back… but perhaps it is still necessary to know from where we came in order to appreciate where we are…

I do believe there are many theologians who grasped this irony and often times would preface their work with such an admission.

My lectures at the University of Basel are on ‘Systematic Theology’. In Basel and elsewhere the juxtaposition of this noun and this adjective is based on a tradition which is quite recent and highly problematic.

Is not the term ‘Systematic Theology’ as paradoxical as a ‘wooden iron’? One day this conception will disappear just as suddenly as it has come into being. Nevertheless, even if I allow myself to be called and to be a ‘Professor of Systematic Theology’, I could never write a book under this title, as my great contemporary and colleague Tillich has done!

A ’system’ is an edifice of thought, constructed on certain fundamental conceptions which are selected in accordance with a certain philosophy by a method which corresponds to these conceptions. Theology cannot be carried on in confinement or under the pressure of such a construction.

The subject of theology is the history of the communion of God with man and of man with God. This history is proclaimed, in ancient times and today, in the Old and New Testaments. The message of the Christian Church has its origin and its contents in this history. The subject of theology is, in this sense the ‘Word of God’.

Theology is a science and a teaching which feels itself responsible to the living command of this specific subject and to nothing else in heaven or on earth, in the choice of its methods, its questions and answers, its concepts and language, its goals and limitations.

Theology is a free science because it is based on and determined by the kingly freedom of the word of God; for that very reason it can never be ‘Systematic Theology’.

~Karl Barth, Dogmatics in Outline

  • Dogmatics in Outline (SCM Classics)
    Dogmatics in Outline (SCM Classics)
    Author: Karl

Perhaps if a few more of the professors at the now infamous Bible department of my Alma mater could have taken their work with this type of candor they could have side stepped the explosion of uncharitable events that took place around the debate of ‘Truth and Certainty‘.

To be sure, many mistakes were made in handling the conversations and decisions made by the college leadership… but that is just another faulty system, like them all…

The Way of the ‘Sensible Man’…

February 10, 2010 12:42 am

The Way of the Disillusioned ‘Sensible Man’–He soon decides that the whole thing was moonshine. ‘Of course,’ he says, ‘one feels like that when one’s young. But by the time you get to my age you’ve given up chasing the rainbow’s end.’ And so he settles down and learns not to expect too much and represses the part of himself which used, as he would say, ‘to cry for the moon’.

This is, of course, a much better way than the first, and makes a man much happier, and less of a nuisance to society. It tends to make him a prig (he is apt to be rather superior towards what he calls ‘adolescents’), but, on the whole, he rubs along fairly comfortably.

It would be the best line we could take if man did not live for ever. But supposing infinite happiness really is there, waiting for us? Supposing one really can reach the rainbow’s end? In that case it would be a pity to find out too late (a moment after death) that by our supposed ‘common sense’ we had stifled in ourselves the faculty of enjoying it.

~C.S. Lewis; Mere Christianity, Hope

  • Mere Christianity
    Mere Christianity
    Author: C. S. Lewis

It is to this fatal error of the ‘Sensible Man’ that Lewis would have found fundamental respect, yet supreme difference with the likes of Freud and Nietzsche… is it hope, or is it self deception?

I call a lie: wanting not to see something one does see, wanting not to see something as one sees it… The most common lie is the lie one tells to oneself; lying to other is relatively the exception.

~ Friedrich Nietzsche, The Anti-Christ

  • A Nietzsche Reader (Penguin Classics)
    A Nietzsche Reader (Penguin Classics)
    Author: Friedrich Nietzsche
  • The Question of God: Sigmund Freud & C.S. Lewis
    The Question of God: Sigmund Freud & C.S. Lewis
    Director: Catherine Tatge

Samuel Beckett Play…

December 20, 2008 1:00 am

Breath

A play by Samuel Beckett lasting for precisely 35 seconds, considered the shortest play ever written. It was first staged in New York in 1969. Originally written for Kenneth Tynan’s revue, “Oh! Calcutta!” Unfortunately, the producer added “including naked people” to the stage directions and Beckett withdrew his piece. Considered to be Beckett’s final comment on our state of existence.

Curtain.

1. Faint light on stage littered with miscellaneous rubbish. Hold for about five seconds.
2. Faint brief cry and immediately inspiration and slow increase of light together reaching maximum together in about ten seconds. Silence and hold about five seconds.
3. Expiration and slow decrease of light together reaching minimum together (light as in 1) in about ten seconds and immediately cry as before. Silence and hold for about five seconds.

Rubbish. No verticals, all scattered and lying.
Cry. Instant of recorded vagitus. Important that two cries be identical, switching on and off strictly synchronized light and breath.
Breath. Amplified recording.
Maximum light. Not bright. If 0 = dark and 10 = bright, light should move from about 3 to 6 and back.



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Useful Pessimism…

February 29, 2008 9:25 pm
Pessimists Mug
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I was listening the other night to the latest issue of the Mars Hill Audio Journal and Ken was interviewing the author of “The Loss of Sadness” which made me think of this unique novelty product that I recently purchased for a friend (see image on left).

The pessimist’s mug never leaves any room for debate… the glass is certainly half empty.

Beyond pessimism, is there room for a healthy sadness for a beverage lost?

The disposition of sadness is often viewed as a symptom to be alleviated and it is predominantly treated as such by modern medicine, which is Allan Horwitz’s thesis of sorts. At one point he made the most amazing statement… it goes something like this and I am butchering it…

“…one very good result of viewing the glass as half empty is that you may find motivation to fill it up again…”



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First Things First…

January 21, 2008 5:15 pm
First Things Issue

My favorite magazine doesn’t have any pictures, I must be grown up now.

…to advance a religiously informed public philosophy for the ordering of society.

Mars Hill Audio…

5:13 pm
Mars Hill Audio

Imagine being able to sit in on candid one on one conversations between respected thoughtful Christians as they share their search for transcendent meaning and practical cultural relevance.

MARS HILL AUDIO is committed to assisting Christians who desire to move from thoughtless consumption of contemporary culture to a vantage point of thoughtful engagement. We believe that fulfilling the commands to love God and neighbor requires that we pay careful attention to the neighborhood: that is, every sphere of human life where God is either glorified or despised, where neighbors are either edified or undermined.

Moral Dilemma…

5:01 pm
Sigmund Freud
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There was a time when the discussion of morals and values was a very simple endeavor for me… went something like this…

Christians have morals because God gave them to us in the Bible, everyone else is lost without any moral direction until they realize their depravity and get a hold of a Bible and read it for moral instruction.

I still think this simplistic process has a certain amount of merit to it, but I now believe it is hardly the end (and for most, neither the beginning) of the discussion concerning the uniqueness of mankind’s moral dilemma. Reading through the thoughts of folks like Mr. Freud certainly bring the topic into a whole new world of debate and exploration.

I was recently referred to the following article by a friend of mine, whom had often engaged this discussion topic with me.

NYtimes Article, The Moral Instinct ( PDF version)

I was specifically interested in the moral dilemma questions this article posed from recent studies and surveys on the moral instinct. I will be coming back to this post over the next few days to formulate my answer with explanation to each situation.


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